I believe that each individual defines recovery in his or her own terms and each individual has his or her own unique path of recovery. In my extensive work with clients struggling with addiction, it has become clear to me that substances become a problem when the problem is being ignored. Addiction is an indication of pain and suffering… not only the pain and suffering brought about by the addiction, but also the pain and suffering being masked by the addiction.

My goal is to help my clients figure out what recovery means to them. While I support clients who choose to involve themselves in a 12-step program, I am by no means a 12-step-based therapist, nor do I insist that my clients attend 12-step meetings. What is more important to me is that my clients find whatever feels supportive to them and feel empowered to engage in whatever that may be.